Fig. 1

Geographic distribution of Anopheles darlingi collection sites in Brazil. A The map highlights the nine Brazilian states that compose the Amazon region (Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins, Amapá, Roraima), represented by distinct colors as detailed in the legend. Specific collection sites located in these states are indicated by abbreviations corresponding to the municipalities where Anopheles darlingi females were collected between 2021 and 2024: São Gabriel da Cachoeira (SGC), Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (SIR), Barcelos (BAR), Manaus (MN), Coari (CO), Tefé (TF), Tapauá (TP), Lábrea (LB), Guajará (GJ), Mâncio Lima (ML), Rodrigues Alves (RA), Cruzeiro do Sul (CZS), Porto Velho (PV), Candeias do Jamari (CJ), Colniza (COL), Aripuanã (ARI), Jacareacanga (JAC), Bagre (BG), Anajás (AN), Porto Grande (PG), Calçoene (CAL), Oiapoque (OIA), Araguatins (ARG), Jenipapo dos Vieiras (JPV), Cantá (CT), Caracaraà (CAR), Alto alegre (AA) and Pacaraima (PAC). B The second map provides additional context by illustrating the geographic distribution of the Amazon region within South America